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鍙嬫儏鎻愮ず锛氭湰绔欐彁渚涘叏鍦�400澶氭墍楂樼瓑闄㈡牎鎷涙敹纰╁＋銆佸崥澹爺绌剁敓鍏ュ(xu茅)鑰冭│姝峰勾鑰冪爺鐪熼銆佽€冨崥鐪熼銆佺瓟妗堬紝閮ㄥ垎瀛�(xu茅)鏍℃洿鏂拌嚦2012骞�锛�2013骞�锛涘潎鎻愪緵鏀惰不涓嬭級銆� 涓嬭級娴佺▼锛� 鑰冪爺鐪熼 榛炴搳鈥�鑰冪爺瑭﹀嵎鈥濃€濅笅杓�; 鑰冨崥鐪熼 榛炴搳鈥�鑰冨崥瑭﹀嵎搴�鈥� 涓嬭級
鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅) B 纰╁＋鍏ュ(xu茅)鑰冭│澶х侗
鍛介鍘熷墖鍜屽懡椤岀侗瑕�
瑭﹂涓昏鑰冩煡瀛�(xu茅)鐢熷皪鍩虹(ch菙)鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)鐭ヨ瓨鐨勭悊瑙ｆ帉鎻＄▼搴�锛屼互鍙婇亱鐢ㄦ湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)鐭ヨ瓨
鍒嗘瀽鍟忛銆佽В姹哄晱椤岀殑鑳藉姏锛涜│椤屾噳(y墨ng)鑳藉弽鏄犳湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)瑾茬▼鐨勪富瑕佸収(n猫i)瀹瑰拰瑕佹眰锛涜│
椤屾噳(y墨ng)閬垮厤鍑虹従(xi脿n)瀛�(xu茅)琛�(sh霉)鐣屽皻鏈夌埈璀扮殑鍟忛锛涜│椤岀殑闆ｆ槗绋嬪害鎳�(y墨ng)閬╃暥(d膩ng)锛屼竴鑸寲瀛�(xu茅)灏堟キ(y猫)鏈�
绉戠暍妤�(y猫)鐨勫劒(y艒u)绉€鑰冪敓鑳藉彇寰楀強鏍间互涓婃垚绺�锛涜│椤岀殑鍛介鑼冨湇鍖呮嫭銆婂熀绀�(ch菙)鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)銆�
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鑰冭│褰㈠紡鍜岃│鍗风祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
涓€銆佽│鍗锋豢鍒嗗強鑰冭│鏅傞枔
鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)瑭﹀嵎婊垮垎鐐� 150 鍒嗭紝鑰冭│鏅傞枔鐐� 180 鍒嗛悩銆�
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涓�銆佽│鍗烽鍨嬬祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)
涓€銆佸柈闋呴伕鎿囬锛� 10 灏忛锛屾瘡灏忛 2 鍒嗭紝鍏� 20 鍒�
浜�銆佸畬鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)寮忥細 20 灏忛锛屾瘡灏忛 2 鍒�锛屽叡 40 鍒�
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鍥�銆佸悎鎴愰锛� 5 灏忛锛屾瘡灏忛 8 鍒�锛屽叡 40 鍒�
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1. 绶掕珫锛氭帉鎻℃湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧(xu茅)鑸囨湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鐧�(f膩)灞曠啊鍙�锛涙湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐗瑰緛鍜岀壒
鎬�锛涘児閸电悊璜栧拰鍒嗗瓙杌岄亾鐞嗚珫鐨勮榛�锛涘叡鍍归嵉鍜屽垎瀛愮祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛涢嵉鐨勬サ鎬у拰鍒嗗瓙
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2. 鏈夋(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍒嗛銆佽〃绀烘柟娉曞拰鍛藉悕锛氭帉鎻℃湁姗�(j墨)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑瀹樿兘鍦�(tu谩n)鍙婄浉鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勯
鍚�锛涙湁姗�(j墨)鐗╃祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐨勮〃閬�(d谩)鏂瑰紡锛涘悓鍒嗙暟妲�(g貌u)楂旂殑鍒嗛鍙婂悇椤炵暟妲�(g貌u)楂旂殑鍚京锛汭UPAC銆�
CCS 鍛藉悕娉曠殑鍩烘湰瑕侀粸锛涢爢搴忚(gu墨)鍓囩殑鍩烘湰鍏�(n猫i)瀹�锛涚⒑瀹� R-S 妲�(g貌u)鍨�銆乑-E 妲�(g貌u)鍨嬨€侀爢
鍙嶆(g貌u)鍨嬬殑鍘熷墖銆�
3. 绔嬮珨鍖栧(xu茅)锛氭帉鎻¤粚閬撻洔鍖栬垏纰冲師瀛愬児閸电殑鏂瑰悜鎬�銆佹湁姗�(j墨)鍒嗗瓙绔嬮珨褰㈣薄鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯�锛�
蟽 閸点€佅€ 閸电殑瀹氱京鍙婂叾鐗归粸锛涗箼鐑枫€佹涓佺兎銆佺挵(hu谩n)宸辩兎鐨勬(g貌u)璞″垎鏋�锛涙棆鍏夋椿鎬�
鑸囨墜寰佹€�锛涘惈鎵嬫€х⒊鍘熷瓙鐨勯張鐙€鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鏃嬪厜鐣版(g貌u)鐝�(xi脿n)璞�锛涚⒊鐠�(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鏃嬪厜
鐣版(g貌u)鐝�(xi脿n)璞�锛涙棆鍏夌暟妲�(g貌u)楂旂殑鎬ц唱(zh矛)锛岀浉灏嶆(g貌u)鍨嬪拰绲曞皪妲�(g貌u)鍨嬬殑琛ㄧず鏂规硶鍜屽懡鍚�銆�
4. 鐑风兇锛氭帉鎻℃湁姗�(j墨)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勫垎椤炴柟寮忓強鍚勯鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勫悕绋憋紱鐑风兇鐗╃悊鎬ц唱(zh矛)鐨勮畩鍖栬(gu墨)
寰嬪強鍏跺師鍥�锛涚兎鐑寸殑楣靛寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞�锛涚⒊鑷敱鍩虹殑绌�(w臎n)瀹氭€с€侀沟鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勯伕鎿囨€�锛�
灏忕挵(hu谩n)鐑风兇鐨勯枊鐠�(hu谩n)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�
5. 鏈夋(j墨)鍥涘ぇ鍏夎瓬锛氭帉鎻￠噸瑕佸畼鑳藉湗(tu谩n)鐨勭磪澶栫壒寰佸惛鏀跺嘲鐨勪綅缃紱
1
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璩�(zh矛)瀛愮殑鍖栧(xu茅)浣嶇Щ锛涜嚜鏃嬭鍒嗙殑 n+1 瑕�(gu墨)鍓�锛涘寲瀛�(xu茅)绛夊児鑸囦笉瀹氬児璩�(zh矛)瀛�锛涘嘲闈㈢⿳鑸�
璩�(zh矛)瀛愭暩(sh霉)鐨勯棞(gu膩n)绯伙紱璩�(zh矛)璀滀腑鍒嗗瓙闆㈠瓙宄拌垏鍒嗗瓙閲忕殑闂�(gu膩n)绯�銆�
6. 鑴傝偑鏃忛＝鍜岀⒊鍘熷瓙涓婄殑瑕牳鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鍜屛� -娑堥櫎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氭帉鎻¤獦灏�(d菐o)鏁堟噳(y墨ng)銆佸叡杌涙晥
鎳�(y墨ng)銆佽秴鍏辫粵鏁堟噳(y墨ng)绛夋蹇碉紱纰虫闆㈠瓙鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍙婂叾绌�(w臎n)瀹氭€у垎鏋�锛汼N2銆� SN1銆丒2銆�
E1 鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)姗�(j墨)鐞嗗強鍏剁珛楂斿寲瀛�(xu茅)鐗归粸锛沇agner锛峂eerwein 閲嶆帓鐨勬(j墨)鐞�锛沍aitsev
瑕�(gu墨)鍓�锛涘弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐗╃祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)銆侀洟鍘诲熀鍦�(tu谩n)銆佽│鍔戠殑瑕牳鎬�銆佹憾鍔戠瓑鍥犵礌灏� SN2銆� SN1 鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
鐨勫奖闊�锛屽強灏嶅彇浠ｈ垏娑堥櫎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)绔剁埈鐨勫奖闊�銆�
7. 楣典唬鐑达細鎺屾彙楣典唬鐑寸殑鍒嗛銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜岀墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)锛屼竴楣典唬鐑风殑瑕牳鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�
娑堥櫎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛屼竴楣典唬鐑风殑鍒跺倷锛屾湁姗�(j墨)閲戝爆鍖栧悎鐗┿€�
8. 鐑兇锛氭帉鎻＄儻鐑村強鍏辫粵鐑兇鐨勭祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鐗瑰緛锛涚儻鐑寸殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆佸埗鍌�锛涜Κ闆诲姞鎴愬弽鎳�(y墨ng)
姗�(j墨)鐞嗭紱鍏辫粵闆欑儻鐨勭壒寰佸弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆�
9. 鐐旂兇锛氭帉鎻＄倲鐑寸殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛涚倲鐑寸殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛岀倲鐑寸殑鍒舵硶銆�
10.閱囧拰閱氾細鎺屾彙閱囩殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜岀墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)锛涗竴鍏冮唶鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛涘鍏冮唶鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛涢牷鍝唶
閲嶆帓姗�(j墨)鐞�锛涢唶鐨勫埗鍌�锛涢啔鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍜屽埗娉曘€�
11.鑺抽鐑达細鎺屾彙鑻殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜岃〃閬�(d谩)鏂规硶锛涜嫰鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛涜嫰鐠�(hu谩n)涓婂彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勬绋嬪拰瀹�
浣嶆晥鎳�(y墨ng)锛涗紤鍏嬬埦瑕�(gu墨)鍓囧強鑺抽鎬х殑鍒ゆ柗銆�
12.閱涢叜锛氭帉鎻￠啗閰殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜岀墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)锛岄啗閰殑鍖栧(xu茅)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛岄啗閰殑鍒跺倷銆�
13.缇ч吀锛氭帉鎻＄晶閰哥殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜岀墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)锛涚晶閰哥殑閰告€у挤(qi谩ng)寮辩殑姣旇純锛涚晶閰哥殑鍖栧(xu茅)鍙�
鎳�(y墨ng)锛涢叝鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勪笁绋(j墨)鐞�锛涗簩鍏冪晶閰哥殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛涚晶閰哥殑鍒舵硶銆�
14.缇ч吀琛嶇敓鐗╋細鎺屾彙缇ч吀琛嶇敓鐗╃殑鍛藉悕銆佺祼(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛涚晶閰歌鐢熺墿鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛涢叝姘磋В鐨�
涓夌ó姗�(j墨)鐞�锛涚晶閰歌鐢熺墿鐨勫埗鍌�銆�
15.绺悎鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氭帉鎻∥� 姘殑閰告€у挤(qi谩ng)寮卞強鍏跺奖闊垮洜绱狅紱缇板熀鍖栧悎鐗╂椿鎬у挤(qi谩ng)寮辩殑鍒嗘瀽
鍜屾帓搴�锛涘悇绋府鍚堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛涚茎閱涚府鍚堝拰閰府鍚堝弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勬(j墨)鐞�锛涗箼閰颁箼閰镐箼閰悎鎴�
娉曞拰涓欎簩閰镐簩涔欓叝鍚堟垚娉�锛�1锛�5锛嶄簩缇板熀銆�1锛�3锛嶄簩缇板熀鍖栧悎鐗╁強伪 尾 锛嶄笉
椋藉拰缇板熀鍖栧悎鐗╃殑鍚堟垚鏂规硶銆�
16.鍛ㄧ挵(hu谩n)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛氭帉鎻″懆鐠�(hu谩n)鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)鐨勬蹇�锛涢浕鐠�(hu谩n)鍖栧弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勯伕鎿囪(gu墨)鍓囧強鍏舵噳(y墨ng)鐢�锛涚挵(hu谩n)鍔犳垚
鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛浵� 閬风Щ鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�
17.鑳猴細鎺屾彙鑳虹殑绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜岀墿鐞嗘€ц唱(zh矛)锛涜兒鐨勫牽鎬у挤(qi谩ng)寮辨瘮杓�锛涜兒鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛汬offmann 娑�
闄ゅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)鐨勬(j墨)鐞�銆佺珛楂斿寲瀛�(xu茅)鍙婃噳(y墨ng)鐢�锛涢噸姘敳鐑风殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛涜兒鐨勫埗娉�銆�
18.鍚爱鑺抽鍖栧悎鐗╋細鎺屾彙纭濆熀鑻殑鍠垎瀛�銆侀洐鍒嗗瓙閭勫師鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛涜姵棣欐棌纭濆熀鍖栧悎
鐗╃殑鑺抽瑕牳鍙栦唬鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)锛涜姵棣欒兒鐨勮Κ闆诲彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)锛涜伅(li谩n)鑻兒閲嶆帓锛涢噸姘寲鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)
鍙婅姵棣欓噸姘菇鍦ㄥ悎鎴愪笂鐨勬噳(y墨ng)鐢�锛涜姵棣欒Κ闆诲彇浠ｇ殑鑻倲涓枔楂旀(j墨)鐞�銆�
19.閰氬拰閱岋細鎺屾彙鑻厷鐨勫弽鎳�(y墨ng)鍜屽埗娉�锛涘皪鑻唽鍜屼簩鐑珨鐨� D-A 鍔犳垚銆�
20. 闆滅挵(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗╋細鎺屾彙浜斿厓闆滅挵(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗╁悺鍜�銆佸憢鍠�銆佸櫥鍚╁拰鍏厓闆滅挵(hu谩n)鍖栧悎鐗╁悺鍟�
鐨勮Κ闆诲彇浠ｅ弽鎳�(y墨ng)銆�
21.绯栭锛氭帉鎻″柈绯栥€佸绯�銆佸绯�銆佽畩鏃嬬従(xi脿n)璞°€佸樊鍚戠暟妲�(g貌u)鍖�銆佺硸鑴�銆佺硸鑻枫€侀倓鍘�
绯栬垏闈為倓鍘熺硸绛夋蹇�锛涜憽钀勭硸鐨勯張?zh菙n)娴嘫(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)鍜岀挵(hu谩n)鐙€绲�(ji茅)妲�(g貌u)锛涘柈绯栫殑鍙嶆噳(y墨ng)銆�
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鏂囩珷鎼滅储
鎮ㄧ従(xi脿n)鍦ㄧ殑浣嶇疆锛� 
